In this article, Prof. Rüdiger Frank argues that the global order is fragmenting into a “multipolar anarchy,” where weakened multilateral institutions are giving way to overlapping regional blocs and competing norms. Drawing on historical lessons from East Asia’s 19th-century upheaval, he emphasizes that middle powers must act strategically to avoid marginalization. Frank outlines three key strategies: strengthening regional coalitions, diversifying economies and supply chains, and fostering inter-regional coordination. He cautions against isolationist self-reliance (“Jucheization”) and urges proactive engagement to build resilience and shape a more inclusive and balanced international system.

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